Editing Babies? We Need to Learn a Lot More First(nytimes.com) |
Editing Babies? We Need to Learn a Lot More First(nytimes.com) |
In the present climate of pessimism it's worth reminding ourselves that we never know all the consequences of what we're doing. The 'Precautionary Principle' kills people too; it merely does so in a less obvious way.
Personally I think we should be going hell for leather in identifying and eliminating genetic diseases that arise from known mutations. And we should of course expect new problems to arise down the road from these treatments.
But I don't agree at all with the sentiment. Most/all current gene editing is about fixing known issues, and in nearly all cases (at the moment) it seems like the edited gene, even if it goes disastrously wrong, would still be superior to the "natural" gene. E.g. MVD, MS, ...
Should we also outlaw (and enforce) that people with known genetic defects produce babies the "natural" way ? How about people where we don't know what exactly is wrong, but clearly something is wrong (e.g. very small, bone disease, large family incidence of leukemia, ...). There's some justification for that as making those babies produces a LOT of terrible suffering, but aside from the moral problems it seems very impractical to do this as well.
A LOT of "suboptimal" humans are produced, a LOT of humans are born with a body that just ... won't work in certain ways or will die in painful ways in a decade or less. Mostly in cases where the odds of a better outcome than the parents had is zero (meaning the terrible outcome was testable beforehand or even predictable).
So I would argue there is plenty of reason to give people access altered babies. Perhaps there are indeed some bridges not to be crossed, but I would argue that we should probably still cross them a few times to see first.
That will suck badly for a few babies, but not doing it has sucked for ~0.5% of humanity for all of history (that's about the incidence of genetic defects that kill on average before adulthood, all taken together).
That means this year alone half a million babies will be born with genes so defective they will never grow up (but the vast majority of them will gain enough intelligence to make the inevitable suffering really bad before they die)
That's not counting serious defects, like Down syndrome, that won't kill but have incredibly bad consequences nevertheless. Nor is it counting people born with disabilities that will survive (e.g. blind, deaf, paralyzed (ouch), deformed, ...)
I feel like that makes it reasonable to say that we should do nothing until we have something like 10000 edited babies born. Hopefully at that point we will know what works, actually have some data, and know what doesn't work and perhaps cut that half a million figure in half or better.
That won't change the number of people who are screwed by their genes meaningfully. In fact, it ought to make it possible to lower that number by a LOT.
This is one of those cases where "doing nothing" is not the morally neutral option. Doing nothing is accepting the status quo as good enough. The status quo is that worldwide, something like 20 million children are on death row due to bad genes. 5 US states worth of children. Most of them are children with no real outward sign of any problem, who will just die, relatively suddenly (meaning from "going to school and playing" to dead takes months, no more).
I mean I am pro genetic engineering but it is senseless to learn the basics of cardiac suturing on a live human when there are cadavars and livestock byproducts to do it on without the loss.
I strongly support further research in this area and think that regulatory means to stop it will be both ineffectual and harmful.
My point here is to say worth valued in effects viewed as secondary.
Multiple microinjections were needed to try to ensure that the majority of cells in the embryo were indeed affected, He said, and even so neither of the twin girls appears to be a clean job of it. One of them is mosaic for the desired 32-amino acid CCR5 deletion, and the other, if I’m reading this right, is heterozygous for a five amino acid deletion. Wonderful, a complete hack job.
[1]http://blogs.sciencemag.org/pipeline/archives/2018/11/28/aft...
> he actually doesn't report a mosaic at the CCR5delta32 locus - just a mosaic off-target effect in a non-coding region that disappears when sequencing tissues from the baby
and heterozygous knockouts are still knockouts so i m not sure why they are so quick to discredit the work
[1]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preimplantation_genetic_diagno...
https://drive.google.com/drive/u/0/folders/1T1zLTtHS2z_cgl29...
And livestream:
https://livestream.com/NASEM/events/8464254/videos/184103056
1:17:00
I wrote a summary of reactions in China on my blog if anyone is interested (no paywall, no ads): https://paraditedc.com/2018/11/26/doubts-within-china-on-gen...
The article talks about risks, they are certainly not that concerned about risks, not as long as they get the upper hand in biotech and genome manipulation.
Sounds more like an individual rogue action than coordinated effort backed by vision of "the Chinese".
https://www.statnews.com/2018/11/26/claim-of-crispred-baby-g...
Edit: there are slides of his presentation: https://drive.google.com/drive/u/0/folders/1T1zLTtHS2z_cgl29...
I haven't decided what I think about this event yet, but I would certainly not assume it's a scam. HIV resistance is a real thing and has a genetic basis. Here's a handful of articles documenting HIV/Aids resistance around the world:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innate_resistance_to_HIV
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/may/27/aids.features
https://www.nature.com/news/2005/050307/full/news050307-15.h...
It's actually a pretty likely thing. There was a guy who was cured from his HIV because he also had a form of cancer which required him to get a bone marrow transplant. He was luckily enough that someone with a CCR5-Δ32 was a good match for him.
Okay, there might be religious issues - if you believe this will send you to hell I can accept that. I can't think of any other reason that someone would not agree to removing good genes. And since this is my child that we are talking about we can assume the child's values are mine.
I carry one of the bad cholesterol genes (I haven't been medically tested but family history suggest it is generic), I'd love to rid it from my kids so they don't need these annoying drugs I take. I'll even take such a treatment myself if it is possible to fix my liver.
(and just so you know. The human brain "boots", as in starts processing information and interacting with it's environment, on the 16th day after conception. When the embryo doesn't look remotely human yet, and importantly a solid 5-12 days before even an attentive woman would realize she's pregnant, and therefore presumably before any abortion)