The TP Card looks to be a variant of the stored-value IC cards like Suica [1][2] used for transit and e-money payments across Japan, but with a fixed commuter pass and no recharge functionality.

The linked thread includes a comparison [3] between the TP Card and a regular Suica.

[1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suica

[2]: https://www.jreast.co.jp/e/pass/suica.html

[3]: https://twitter.com/aishiterutokyo/status/141455095882718003...