I made a proof of concept using Docker Compose showing dynamic debug logging in the cloud using a structured logging framework. The PoC uses script and JSONPath to evaluate the input structured data to determine criteria for logging:

https://github.com/tersesystems/dynamic-debug-logging

I have examples of more dynamic logging stuff:

https://github.com/tersesystems/echopraxia-examples

There's a couple of other instance of dynamic logging, but it does not seem to be very well known. For example the Linux kernel:

https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/v4.11/admin-guide/dynamic-debug-howto.html

and Pixie, using Go and eBPF:

https://docs.pixielabs.ai/tutorials/custom-data/dynamic-go-logging/