How can we reform science? What are the obstacles to doing this? What would scientific journal publishing look like if it were the best possible? How can science embrace the unknown and overcome the fear of the new and the stigma associated with it, so it doesn’t uselessly bias towards established dogma? What are you personally going to do about this?

I would probably question them about their writing process but it would really depend on which Nobel laureate it is. You might want to ask them for proof reading advice. Couldn't resist.

Will I pay a price if I prise the prize from your hands?

What did you do right? (Or what did the others do wrong?)

Ask if they think an AI system could ever win a Nobel.

What is the meaning of life?