Sure, if all you want to do is add and subtract, multiply and divide, then that's all you need.

But if you want to work in machine learning, or driverless cars, or marine navigation, or any one of the hundred really, really cool things people do with computers, you need to be really, really comfortable with a wide range of stuff that's beyond addition and subtraction.

But sure, if you just want to do the programming equivalent of flipping burgers, percentages are about as far as you need to go.