Americans don't believe middle class can afford homes(newsweek.com) |
Americans don't believe middle class can afford homes(newsweek.com) |
Any time credit is involved, belief in one's assumptions is absolutely part of the equation.
Check out the graphs on this page: https://www.longtermtrends.net/home-price-median-annual-inco...
The Home Price to Median Household Income Ratio is higher than it's been in 70 years.
Between 1965 and the year 2000, it fluctuated between 3.5 and 4.5. At the top of the housing bubble in 2008, it hit 6.8. Right now it's at 7.6. And I don't believe the housing price data this index uses (from S&P CoreLogic Case-Shiller U.S. National Home Price Index) considers the cost mortgage interest rates, so the actual cost of ownership is even higher (relative to a low interest rate environment) than this data shows.
The Home Price to Personal Average Income Ratio is a bit different, but tells the same broad picture.
https://data.sca.isr.umich.edu/fetchdoc.php?docid=74465#page...
No. Fed is currently at 8.5%. Highest bubble rate was 8.25% in Q4 2007. In 2008 rates started at 7.76% and ended at 5%.
ref: https://www.ferc.gov/interest-calculation-rates-and-methodol...
https://www.statista.com/statistics/529371/floor-area-size-n...
The average new construction house size changes from 1500 square feet in 1975 to 2500 square feet in 2022.
So yes, some of the higher cost of housing is simply that buyers want more house. I know my personal house is nearly double the size of house I grew up with, despite only having 3 kids vs my parents 2.
Starter homes generally just don't get built, as it generally costs more per square foot to build a start home than a larger home (as some of the features are going to mostly cost the same regardless of the floor plan, such as some of the kitchen outfitting). The reduced supply moreover makes it so smaller houses don't even end up costing much less, because there's enough demand for them from people who not only don't need the space, but would prefer not paying the utility bills and dealing with the maintenance.
Is it that buyers are wanting more house or that builders make more profit selling more house due to red tape and zoning?
Builders want more house. Buyers can't buy what isn't built.
Then we hit interest zero, there was nowhere left to go. Now we're finally back to more historically normal and healthy interest rates, and it has broken the housing market.
We're going to have to have a cultural shift towards housing as shelter, not investment. We have to increase supply to meet demand. And we're going to have to pay more attention to driving down the actual dollar cost of homes, not just the monthly payment.
Median house price, per article: $388,000.
Today's average 30 year fixed mortgage rate is 7%. Assuming a 10% down payment, 0.5% to private mortgage insurance, and the usual bits and bobs, that approximates a $2800/month payment, or $33600 per year, which is 45% of that median income.
That's not affordable, by anyone's definition.
I grew in upper middle class southern California. I work in tech for the last 7 years. My parents house went from $500K when they bought in 1995 to +$3M today. If my math is right, that would mean the all-in payment (principal, interest, taxes) would be around $20,000/month at today's rate. Assume you do not want to spend more than 1/3 of your income on housing, your household would need to make $720,000/year.
Nominally, I make a lot more than my parents did at their peak, but in real terms, I can't afford a home in the neighborhood I grew up in.
Anecdotally, the only people I know that can afford to live in my old neighborhood are young people who get help from their parents or people who bought way before covid and rolled up their existing equity into their new home purchases. Among the upper middle class people I know, no one can afford that area or they are not interested bc they think the cost is not worth it.
What's going to happen to the firefighters, cops, and teachers in that area?
There's a lot of "memory" in housing prices.
Houses are just about the hardest item to build in America today. You need land, and you cannot make them in a factory. All cost cutting measures have been in materials (to the point where quality is degrading).
Regulations push new players out of the market - increasing prices.
Housing is a social prestige item like health care and education - so that will drive costs up too.
The US will have 100m more people in the coming decades no matter what - so demand will always be high.
Solution? There is none. It's how the power elite want it.
The trouble is, that house would be in the middle of nowhere, with Starlink being the only viable internet option. Nowhere else is going to have house prices under $200k for something family-livable.
Ohio must either be a very undesirable state to live in, or they're doing something right to keep house prices relatively reasonable: 3 of the top 5 most affordable cities are in Ohio!
[1] https://www.redfin.com/news/share-of-homes-affordable-new-20...
The 3 metros mentioned (Akron, Dayton, and Cleveland) collapsed economically in the 1990s.
Columbus has been growing, but that's also why unaffordability has grown by 46.7% from 2022 to 2023 in the same dataset.
A better model would be Lake County, IL - that's a suburb of Chicago, and Chicagoland is very construction friendly.
https://www.zillow.com/homedetails/336-N-Bridge-St-Gettysbur...
Not to say things aren't tough out there. Just that a $4k mortgage is still 30%+ more than what people can expect to pay at the median.
This ignores taxes and insurance of course.
Even if we thought ditching dream jobs was something worth doing, we would only be trading into lower income / less fulfilling jobs to enter a historically awful housing market.
An actual mortgage payment would probably be closer to 3,000-3,200 after escrowed PMI, taxes, insurance, on a typical loan.
Think $5-7k/mo.
You need at least another 200k on top of the home value to have recurring income to pay those bills annually.
Why get a 30 year mortgage at 40, to only pay it off at 70 and then die in two decades? It feels like the wrong thing to do but…I really don’t know how else to look at it.
Sure. I could afford a house today where I grew up. But I’d have to surround myself with the highly undesirable culture (in my opinion) in those places. To put it nicely.
If you financed during low rates, you're OK, but if you're trying to buy a house now, you're it is hard?
Is the median (or even 40th percentile) household not middle class?
> The share of young adults ages 18 to 34 who have formed an independent household has declined since 2010, while the share living with their parents has increased sharply. In 2010, less than one-third (32 percent) of young adults ages 18 to 34 were living with their parent(s), but this share jumped to 35 percent by 2017. The increase was sharpest among 25- to 29-year-olds, rising from 21 percent in 2010 to 26 percent in 2017. The share of 30- to 34-year-olds living with their parent(s) also increased by 4 percentage points across this period.
https://www.prb.org/resources/u-s-household-composition-shif...
Home ownership is the one exception. We need to build denser, and we need to build actual communities that are livable without needing to drive 30 minutes to go to the grocery store.
The middle class of today has every right to be infuriated at our housing inaction.
we can buy a TV cheaper than ever but anything important has massive inflation
I understand that this is hyperbole, but in this age-of-big-data, is there a way to quantify this? I'd like to see a histogram of miles from nearest grocery store vs. number of homes/apartments.
Hmm, now that I think about it, that's still affordable if you can afford a modest $500k down payment. Most couples I know who both make around $60k a year have at least that much in the bank. Never mind please disregard, everything is actually fine.
I can't afford a decent house in California without disrupting my children schooling and schedule. But then you may ask, what is a decent house?
I just purchased my first home because I could finally afford it after a few lucky cash windfalls. I spent the last 5 years in a 700 sq ft apartment.
What I learned: I would have been much better off buying a worse home 5 years ago that was at least better than the 700 sq ft apartment.
I don’t think saving up that down payment makes as much sense any more. I felt like I was chasing a target which was moving faster than I was.
That's far beyond the rate of inflation. Unless there are significant improvements to the house or the surrounding area, the value of house should not rise faster than inflation, at least not by some significant margin.
What's sliding with the definition of "afford"? I thought there was broad agreement that housing should be no more than 30% of your gross income, give or take a couple percent based on who you ask.
It seems more like "Americans believe middle class has shrunk, drastically."
This wouldn’t have been a problem if this was an asset that everyone doesn’t need and the supply was more.
It's that they won't sell at a loss AND take on a new mortgage with a rate that is 2-3x what their existing mortgage costs to service.
Owning a home creates losses of its own. I'd know, with my water heater going out, furnished basement flooding in a freak incident, and a tree falling on my roof, all in the same year. If I could get 3% on a different home, it wouldn't take a ton of enticing. Not doing it at 7% for anything though.
We can't have this, because a huge fraction of household wealth is tied up in people's houses. If you stop protecting them as investment accounts, you nuke the retirement accounts of 100 million people.
To be clear, I completely agree with you that this system has to be dismantled before it gets worse, and a lot of this supposed wealth is illusory anyway: if your house has a "market value" of $750K but no millennial or zoomer can ever possibly pay that, it's not actually worth $750K. But making it actually happen is going to involve a huge, ugly political fight which you can't just handwave away with "we need to have a cultural shift". There are real material considerations at play here, not just culture.
So the question is if the wealthy can remain wealthy, or if the poor can get houses?
I'm sorry, but... as a Catholic the choice is obvious to me. Blessed are the poor, etc. etc. We should favor those who don't have wealth yet.
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There's other investments, and any such large-scale buildup of houses will take place over a long-enough time period that investors can reallocate wealth appropriately (reverse mortgages and then move the money to the stock market or something). Talk to a financial advisor if you need help moving wealth out of your house and dumping that onto someone else.
Meanwhile, there's no actual solution to the young couple who needs a house for their next baby to raise their family. Get them a damn house. Period.
As someone staring down never having the ability to get into that club: that's a price I'm willing to pay.
In fact I'm willing to pay much more than that. This is the issue that dictates my vote.
I don't understand how this works - if the assumption is you're going to sell your house for a profit, isn't a significant chunk of your upside just going to be rolled into your new housing?
Your house is only a "retirement account" if you're willing to take out a reverse mortgage, move into some much cheaper home, or share a living room with other old folks in an "assisted living" institution.
Some of us on the other hand would prefer a future unencumbered by debt, "aging in place" in our own homes.
The alternative is that the younger generations defer or forego having children due to housing insecurity.
A similar argument is advanced to protect shareholders who facilitate the degradation of quality of life across society.
Perhaps retirement options should come with complete and crystal clear disclosure of actual consequences - and that those consequences needed to be vocally repeated by the buyer prior to acceptance. Recorded and witnessed, of course.
The valuation isn’t illusory if you can constrain supply and monopolize ownership. The plan for the next generations is for them to never own housing and instead be parasitized by huge investment firms who buy up all the existing stock.
These issues are complicated, and any action taken will have ripple effects across centuries, much like the practices of redlining have led to generations of impoverished minorities and over-policed communities. But at some point we have to begin solving the damn problems instead of just arguing and debating ad-infinitum while the system already in place is making all of it objectively, factually worse.
And frankly, my inner cynic sees the drumbeat of the neoliberal establishment, the ones most likely to have the most valuable "investment accounts" in the form of homes, constantly saying "well we need to make thoughtful considerations about this before we do anything" over and over and over, for years on end, while their investments continue to gain value year over year, and the societal harms inflicted on others continue to not be their problem, as frankly, not positioned or well incentivized to actually fix it since they directly profit from the problem they're being asked to solve. I don't want to believe none of you are capable of empathy, but incentives are much, much stronger than feelings, and none of the establishment middle-class has any solid, incentivized reason to wind down the profit machines that are continuing to make them insanely rich. That worries me.
Good luck with that one. We’ve been dealing with this since the 70s when Prop 13 passed in California. The primary responses have been to vilify the homeless for their own plight and funnel billions into “affordable housing schemes” that are little more than graft engines for local politicians.
We spent half a century engineering scarcity. Falling rates were a nice add-on. But they were never a central part of the thesis.
Europe went to negative rates while USA did QE rounds actually.
1980s interest rates were higher than now. The 1980s middle class could afford homes.
A new 1987 townhome that cost $212k (in inf adj 2023 dollars) costs about $500k today - allowing for similar quality, features, market.
I think houses are unaffordable because they cost more than double what they did.
Not really. We just had impetus to raise them.
Interest rates went up, and then prices went up. No offset occurred, everything just became dramatically more expensive.
Bam. Theory already busted.
I've been saying this for years.
Real estate investing is an absolute cancer on society. It is utterly unreal to me that people think their house should go up in value over time higher than the rate of inflation without doing any improvements.
But it's not even just that, but people and corporations buying up houses for the sole purpose of renting them out, which merely furthers wealth inequality. The owners are financial vampires, taking advantage of the fact that a bank will tell someone "We don't think you can afford a $2,000/month mortgage" when their current rent is $2,500/month.
I think what upsets me the most isn't the widening inequality, but that so many of these landlords have a savior complex, thinking they're doing a huge service. No, you took a home off the market for the sole purpose of enriching yourself. The demand for rental properties pushes house prices up, locking more people out of home ownership.
We need severe disincentives for purchasing single family homes for the purpose of renting them out.
I'm sure someone is going to accuse me of being a sour renter, but nope. I've owned my house since 2015. In 2019, I could have bought a second house to rent out, but I chose not to because it's incredibly immoral.
Yes, so much so that Adam Smith himself described real estate speculators and landlords as destructive parasites, whose power and influence should be diminished at all costs. So much for that part of his philosophy, though…
You can also reduce demand by reducing immigration (legal and illegal).
Yup. I've met people living paycheck-to-paycheck, never having much more than 1 paycheck's worth of money in their bank account, that think they're middle class. Shit, I've seen people that are on food stamps that think they're middle class.
The worst part is that so many of them will vote against their own best interests because they think they'll be millionaires one day.
“Upper middle class” was your doctors and lawyers, but the typical kind (the 100-week partner guy was fucking “RICH”). They had nice houses in desirable parts of town.
“Lower middle class” were workers without differentiated skills or educated folks with really bad money habits / some other issue like that. With my folks it was some college but dropped out to start a family (have me), got in tax trouble young. Lower middle class almost always rented forever.
“Poor” was like, no skills or flat lazy, or conspicuous drug problem, or something like that. They rented in bad parts of town. But rented.
That’s context or color, not numbers. But we were “the poor relations” relative to the spiffy college graduates or the folks with two incomes, and had IRS trouble, and rented in unglamorous but perfectly nice places.
Sounds crazy now.
Most of us are N missed paychecks away from being broke. For some, that N is 1 or 2, for some it's 5, for retirees, the number may be even larger; but we all inevitably need money from our labor to come in in order to live. And this is true regardless of the dollar amount on that paycheck. We're all in the same boat.
For a very few lucky people, that N is infinite because their money grows faster than they can spend it. They get richer just by existing.
To me, these are really the only two meaningful economic classes. Do you have to work for your living or not?
So it is clear from this definition that the lower bound for it is income of $48,500 from what you are not considered poor anymore and upper bound is income of $145,500 from what you are considered rich.
Now the most important consideration is - if a person can't afford a home, then can they really considered to be not poor?
I would say its rather backwards. Thinking of things as lower class seeks to afford rent, middle class seeks to afford housing, and upper class is beyond it. House ownership is basically the cornerstone of class wealth in the US. Prehaps with secondary lower/middle/upper modifiers your degree of success there (e.g. upper middle class comfortably affords their house, but it's still the bulk of their wealth; lower lower cannot reliably afford rent)
The land part is true, but there are people working on the second part. One of the more exciting ones I’ve seen recently is Cover [0]. They do the majority of building in their factory and only the foundation work and assembly is done onsite. But they’ve got enough flexibility to adapt their designs to the lot and they help buyers with the permitting hassles, so it’s a lot more appealing than some of the other kit home options. And, more importantly, their product has a luxury feel, so it doesn’t feel like you’re compromising. They’re focused on the LA area and the ADU market right now, but if that works out, it’s easy to see them getting a lot of funding to scale out their efforts to other markets. I’m hopeful that an approach like this can drive down the cost of new construction, especially when combined with streamlined permitting in places with housing crises where the political motivation will be there to adopt more a more builder-friendly environment.
If anyone is interested in seeing an actual finished project, a luxury real estate YouTuber did a tour [1] of one of their houses recently.
Even if the material and labor were free, an empty lot here in Boulder would cost over $500k, and you won't find any. I imagine it's the same problem in most cities (though maybe not so expensive).
Medicine shows that others are going to bat for you to keep you alive.
You most certainly can build 80% of a house in a factory.
If you can find a home you like more than places you can rent, and the payments are similar enough, seems like it’s still better to get a mortgage.
A mortgage payment can’t increase like rent can and most likely will, forcing you to move every X years if you decide you can find somewhere more affordable.
Of course there are tradeoffs in the other direction, like if you need to move to a distant location for job/family/health, I just don’t think it’s as one-sided as you present it.
You buy a house, service the mortgage while you're there, then sell it (using the proceeds to pay off the mortgage), and if you've not made a bad investment, you come out with more money than you went in with, which presumably, you put toward a down payment on your next home. If you're downsizing, it may mean you're buying your next home outright, or with very little of the capital borrowed.
Unless, of course, your property value declines. Watch out for bubbles, and get sensible insurance to mitigate the risks.
1) Inflation hedge. 2) At some point in the next 30 years, you will be able to sell your home at / above what you paid for it, just due to the cyclical nature of things.
I'm not saying real estate always goes up... but for example, I bought at age 41. $515k. Current estimated value, $900k. When the kids are all graduated and out of the house (when I'm 53-54ish) I can sell this, buy something outright in cash, and increase my saving rate from ~35% to about 60% without any change in my current standard of living.
Having a pension that can cover living costs while NOT having to also cover rent gives a lot of security. While it's also an option to get cheaper rent and put the difference into another investment, rent costs are hard to predict, so I'd rather not end up worrying about it later in life.
But there's a lot of places where you can't even get an affordable apartment. And it's hard to get a smaller house at a proportionally smaller price.
What does "should" even mean here?
It is ridiculous for a home owner to expect the value of their home to rise faster than inflation by a significant margin without there being massive improvements to either the home itself or the neighborhood.
And skyrocketing housing prices means the rich get richer while utterly fucking over the young generation and locking them out of home ownership as prices rise significantly faster than wages.
Each kid gets their own bedroom. A home office. Maybe a movie room.
Compare that to the 1950s boomer house, that has 2 kids in 1 bedroom, and no "extra" rooms.
Perhaps you have them all.
Everywhere else, buyers can only buy what exists. Affordable home buyers buy nothing because there is nothing within reach.
The notion that people would choose detrimental living because they couldn't get a house that was 3x their need seems absurd.
The more likely cause is the reality that new houses cost more than double what they were in the 1980s - adjusting for inflation and comparing for size, amenities and market.
With dropping fertility rates I'm sure there are plenty of people with 1 or even no kids that don't need those rooms. Home office will be entirely domain dependent (I don't see e.g. a couple of dentists needing or wanting a home office).
So the fact that the default house is pretty massive means that all sorts of people are priced out entirely.
There were lots of factors, but basically it comes down to the fact that it's significantly more profitable for builders to build bigger, more expensive houses than smaller, more affordable houses.
AKA, a builder will make much more profit on a single $750K house, than building 3x $250k houses.
So I'm sure the reason houses are getting bigger is some combination of consumers wanting bigger houses, and bigger houses being what's available.
This is also the reason why car buying also sucks so much now. There is more profit it bigger higher trim cars full of features than smaller reliable basic cars.
So, you know, ridiculous.
It also seems to be finally hitting a wall post COVID.
Why would we want that? My great great grandfather was luckier than yours, and that's why I live like a king and you clean my shoes?
That the privileged groups have leveraged this to keep their children from suffering the same fate is not a bad thing. No one deserves to be squeezed dry like the poor are. But the notion that we need to replace houses for these people as a way to accomplish this is not wrong, and making whatever it is be not-houses is a way to get communities that were brutalized by red-lining the ability to accomplish the same thing.
This is far above my pay grade. I just sick of the status-quo warriors endlessly citing the fact that we don't yet have a perfect solution as a reason to keep on using the broken current solution.
As a wealthy parents you can already afford massive leg-ups with your children by supporting their education and offering the opportunities. How does inheriting 300k when they turn 50 help?
If you divide the spectrum into just left/center/right, then people on the right would label both left and center as liberal, but people on the left would label just the center as liberal. I don't know what the centrists would label as liberal because we have very few genuine centrists. Most of them are actually right-wing but don't want to admit it.
To me, a liberal is someone that sees one group of people that wants to lynch all black people, another group saying "hey we just want to live", and thinking there's a compromise that can be made. A liberal seeks to maintain the status quo and to keep things quiet and peaceful. They prioritize order over justice.
Cheap houses in particular get voted off of most city councils or other local politics. It only costs $20k per trailer in a trailerpark IIRC, and so trailer parks can build hundreds of housing units for under 10-million invested.
Or various apartment buildings can be built with similar cost-efficiencies. Or Row-homes, or multiplex homes, etc. etc.
The issue is convincing the public that low-cost housing is to the benefic of society and that its a good thing to build. Most people see them as ways of attracting drug-dealers, black people / minorities, or turning a neighborhood into a Ghetto.
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So build enough low-cost housing. Build enough medium-cost housing. Etc. etc.
The problem is that in most municipalities, people are only happy when high-cost housing is built. But that's just not sustainable.
Yes, Seattle could use more trailer parks, but there is absolutely nowhere to put them. We build lots of multiplexes, row homes, town homes, apartment buildings, but we still have a net influx of a 30k/year into the area, so its a losing battle.
In the UK the 13th largest landowner is the church. If it used its lands to build at average density of Hackney it could house 2.5 million people.
Personally I'm of the opinion that no entity should own land, it should be rented from the people according to the value, but that's a minority opinion.
And no, "move it to the stock market" will not fix this problem. Again, imagine putting this question to someone in their 50s with a house they have nearly paid off: "I could take this wealth and move it to the volatile stock market, or I could continue the policy of protectionist zoning restrictions so my always-appreciating asset can keep on appreciating as it has done for decades. Gonna go with door #2, Bob."
What a wealthy person wants isn't necessarily greed, and we need to stop thinking like that. Even in Roman times, wealthy got together to fund various projects for the greater good.
What the wealthy want most of all, is if you take their wealth, that it truly does go towards a greater good. And "building more houses" takes wealth through free-market capitalist systems in any case (ie: its not a direct wealth taking we're talking about, but a steady change as zoning laws allow more houses to be built).
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Most of these "wealthy retirees" are looking aghast at their children's opportunities. My brother-in-law's parents may own 3 houses, but they were complaining to me about their daughter's inability to find a house in this current market.
They care far, far more about their daughter finding a good house and starting her family, than the value of their 3 houses. And I bet many, many, many other families are in the same situation. (Rich/Wealthy retirees scared for their children / grandchildren).
Carry on like that and you end up with the landed gentry and feudalism.
Far better to ensure millennials (many who are now in their 40s) and zoomers can own a home regardless of their parents. One way would be to prevent generational transfer of wealth -- meaning that everyone is in the same boat, you have to work on your merits, rather than who your parents are.
Greed is insufficient to explain the problem. We have a market failure here for sure. (Markets work even in the presence of greed, with the proper regulatory environment. Whatever the hell has gone wrong with our society over the last 30 years to cause us to stop building houses is... well... "Greed" just is insufficient to explain the behavior)
Because too little has been built and little of that fits widespread need.
> where everyone wants to live.
Wants to live infers worthwhile choices. The reality is that people live anywhere they can survive. Worthwhile choices don't include locations that are likely to lead to homelessness.
But housing has been built and is being built. We leave it to the market, so its mostly higher end housing that gets built (more money to be made), but plenty of well to do techies are moving to the city that there isn't a shortage of people who want to live in that.
> Wants to live infers worthwhile choices. The reality is that people live anywhere they can survive. Worthwhile choices don't include locations that are likely to lead to homelessness.
Actually, cites with nice weather but expensive weather attract the chronic homeless in droves. They don't care about the high cost of housing (they couldn't afford to live in Detroit either, so what does it matter?), and the nicer more mild weather works better for sleeping rough and not dying.
I'm not really sure what is your point. If all American residents wanted to live in San Francisco, should we fit 380 million people in that small area?
We dramatically slowed-down homebuilding after 2007, and have *NEVER* recovered.
https://www.census.gov/econ/currentdata/?programCode=RESCONS...
Note that our population has been growing at much faster rates than housing. So the overall trend is inevitable: fewer housing units than our population growth means that we will just have more expensive houses.
There's simply not enough houses for everyone.
In particular, the school systems that are around such homes. Location, Location, Location.
Secondly: those houses have tenants. They're not sitting empty.
Thirdly, for the young couple. Being tied to your parents financially basically makes them a slave-owner of you. When the parents drop by or use the yard to store project-cars, or refuse to fix issues with the house... the young couple is not in a position to fix those issues themselves without pissing off the parents. (Its not their house after all). So getting their own house leads to a better relationship between child and parent anyway, and should be preferred.
I’m sorry, but you don’t seem to understand the concept of giving. If I give something to my family, it is theirs. They can use it, lend it, sell it, destroy it.
I agree with parent comment, if they have 3 houses, buy one for their daughter. As in put her name on the deed. Either they care about her and love her and their grandchildren or they are selfish and would rather have 3 rentals then what’s best for their kids.
I'm very tangentially related to them. (Sister's husband's parent + sister's husband's sister). So I'm not really going to meddle with their life choices.
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But I'm trying to say that policies that help their daughter (even if it costs them a bit of wealth by subtracting it from their 3x houses due to looser construction laws causing more houses to be built and therefore lowering the prices of houses in this area) is something they likely will support.
You need a good school district if you want your child to growup smart. Retired folk having 3x homes in lower-educated areas is fine for retired folk. But that doesn't mean that those homes are immediately useful to a new family.
Building new homes (and cheaper homes) in the better school districts makes more sense overall. Some neighborhoods naturally become "retirement communities" but kind of a ghetto for education (ie: young couples try to escape those areas due to poor schooling).
So we don’t have a residency system in the states, so everyone is free to live wherever they want, only supply of housing being a limiting factor in where they want to move (which we use the market to sort out).
So build houses where people want to live.
As I already said earlier: the problem is that we stopped building houses at respectable rates. Its going to be a decade before we catch up to where the population wants to live.
You create immeasurable value, wealth, and dignity to hundreds, thousands, or even tens-of-thousands of people.
So we should do that. Full stop.
I'm pushing for trailer parks (aka, low end housing), and other cheap forms of housing most of all. Townhomes or Multiplexes as well.
Cheap, dense, highly deployable. There are other forms of dense housing (multiplex units) and whatnot as well. People don't necessarily need the best house per se, but having at least a crappy housing market that's vibrant and healthy is hugely important to the lower class.
Low-cost housing solves the worst-of-the-worst problems. Its better for the poor to live in cheap rowhomes or trailer-parks than for them to be roaming the streets at night in de-facto homeless encampments.