I initially spent two hours trying to modify different instructions, and then gave up. I saw another blog post written by a reverse engineer by the name of "Hassan Mostafa" (aka cyclon3) that previously succeeded in the same approach (taking Hopper Disassembler to Instagram on iOS) and I was inspired to try again that night, but I had no luck. I even found and attempted to modify the same instructions.
I decided to call it quits, and then a few weeks later with a bit of a grudge, I spontaneously tried again and I had it done in about 30 minutes after finding the sandbox function.
If I end up in the same arena I think I’ll look for debugging code next. I love certificate pinning as a user, but as a forensic analyst I fucking loath it.
Routing real app traffic through an intercepting proxy can be a real time-saver depending on what the researcher is trying to do. E.g. if they want to automatically tamper with a parameter in a request that doesn't happen until after some kind of authentication/session setup, it's much faster to let the app do all of that and configure the proxy to just make the one change, versus having to write a whole client that does all of the initial steps and then makes the modified request, or writing an eBPF filter that makes the changes the researcher is interested in.
But I think there's still a lot of people doing the NOP-patching thing, albeit with more complexity. There continue to be people breaking DRM, and investigating random [mobile] apps with hex-editors & etc.
It's harder to get started these days as programs are more complex, but at the same time the knowledge required is more accessible.
https://www.facebook.com/whitehat/bugbounty-education/261571...
Basic questions, admittedly. Just noticed that the final solution was to simply modify a few bytes of the binary, which seemed preventable.
On non-jailbroken platforms you generally do this with a developer certificate.
I imagine this would be something that AI will be able to do easily in an automated fashion, you can literally just try flipping the JEZ/JNZ in a bunch of candidate spots and launching the app and seeing if the nag screen comes up.
Now if AI could crack something like Denuvo in a 0-shot way...
Now if I could feed an AI a binary and have it tell me where what is happening in a very broad scope, that'd be a game changer, and I'd say that's quite attainable with a high-context window LLM as they seemingly understand hex-formatted byte-code quite well.
everything is AI these days apparently... even LLMs
Plenty of people are convinced that Facebook's apps spy on them through their microphone and use that to show them targeted ads.
The easiest way to disprove this is to monitor the traffic between the apps and Facebook's servers... but certificate pinning prevents this!
(Not that anyone who believes this can ever be talked out of it, see https://simonwillison.net/2023/Dec/14/ai-trust-crisis/#faceb... - but it's nice to know that we can keep tabs on this kind of thing anyway)
It's NOT good when you listen to conversations without explicit (or implied, for that matter) consent, just as it's equally NOT good to exploit human predictive models to such a precise degree for profit. You SHOULDN'T be complicit to these practices, and saying that it's "just what it is" is one more person in the arena that's throwing their hands up to allow it. Attempt for change is ALWAYS better than apathy for complacency - before every interaction exists to become a transaction.
IANAL, but in the US, at least, I think the exemptions for good-faith security research[1] would apply. Maybe even the reverse-engineering for interoperability language in the DMCA itself[2].
[1] https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2015/10/28/2015-27...
[2] https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/PLAW-105publ304/pdf/PLAW...
Though I'm personally glad we no longer have to :) it's still way more difficult and compilers can really obfuscate the code (if it isn't already by design)
It shows my previous account even after I delete the app, clear the cache and Keychain, disable iCloud Drive, AND sign out of iCloud??
Why can't I see where this data is stored? Same for TikTok.
WHY does Apple, parading around as a pompous paragon of privacy, even allow this shit?
What else is being stored that we aren’t even aware of?
In case you are curious. I used Frida for installing hooks to native functions.
I guess it's the fact that in my mental model any supporting library doesn't have to be modified to allow viewing the traffic, and no cert-pining-breaks required
Integrity checking is user-hostile, but certificate pinning can be good for users.
Ha, same. I think I was eventually trying to hook into kernel-level functions and do it that way (I was using the Android client) but couldn't get far there either, though I think it's technically doable. IIRC, they were using some kind of vtable patching protection around kernel functions to ensure integrity.
I built anti-cheat software (and hardware) before, and it felt like anti-cheat level security. I had an axe to grind with Snapchat, as they rejected me after the first interview round :P
Yes, but it's significantly harder than flipping a bit. There's also clever ways of countering this (e.g. checksumming the public key). Of course, even this is technically hackable, but extremely time-consuming in practice. Imagine getting the public key and adding a bunch (and by a bunch, I mean like 16k) of random ops throughout the control flow that crash the app if any random byte of the key is wrong. For extra fun, offset the byte by the instruction pointer. Good luck debugging that.
….until now
Cert pinning is basically free and is sort of a "you must be this tall to ride the ride" thing--not secure, but keeps the riff raff out.
At the end of the day, your code runs on user machines, and they can observe what the code does, so it's always possible to deobfuscate, and if one person does it and shares their results, it becomes very easy to replicate. That doesn't mean obfuscation is useless, but you shouldn't put too much time into it.
Obfuscation would've had very little effect on the outcome of this experiment, but might've changed the approach to involve dynamic instrumentation a little more. The most effective obfuscation I've seen is VM obfuscation, but that presents a significant performance impact. Obfuscation would also make legitimate debugging harder.
Preventing modified binaries is done at the system level, and could feasibly be implemented at the application level and is common, but this functionality itself could be both bypassed, or modifications could simply be implemented after security checks have completed (once again, through dynamic instrumentation libraries like Frida).
Engaging in a cat-and-mouse game with reverse engineers probably isn't in Meta's best interest.
Cert pinning pretty much serves to protect companies from people reversing their protocols and little else imo.
https://sslmate.com/resources/certificate_authority_failures
From a pure security perspective, why trust someone you don’t have to trust? The web PKI CA bundle is great for cases where it’s hard to have a unique trust root for your application - like you’re running in a browser with no privileges - but if you’re distributing code then you’ve already solved that problem.
Managed well, it should be completely transparent to users as well. Managed poorly and it can be catastrophic (your app is dead until users upgrade it).
For example, you and your partner use the same wifi at home a lot, and you both visit a close friend's house and use their wifi every time you're there. Services that you use in both places (e.g. Facebook, Google) now have a graph where there's a very strong link between you and your partner, and a weaker but still important link between the two residential IP addresses.
Now you're at home, just had dinner with your partner, and you say you are considering buying a guitar. An hour later you open your phone and see ads for guitars. "Honey, did you search for guitars already?" "No, why?" "Oh no! It heard me! Or it knows me too well! Uninstall all your apps!"
No, what happened is that last night you were at that friend's house, told your friend about your guitar desires, and all morning that friend has been doing a bit of market research themselves, perhaps to see what you're on about and maybe consider getting it for you. The graph connects the dots, and advertisers suspect that perhaps guitar ads should go not only to your friend, but also to you (by that weak association) just in case you might be the one who buys the guitar.
The uncanniness is a function of you having no idea that your friend was building up this slight likelihood that you're about to buy a guitar, combined with even a very weak signal poking out above the noise given no other recent signals.
Male, 40+? A bit more likely than the average human to have a mini mid-life crisis and decide to buy an electric guitar.
These platforms suggest SO many ads to us that even if 99% of the suggestions are total junk that we ignore without even registering, the 1% that represent a lucky roll of the dice still really stick in our memories.
It should be straight up illegal.
These capitalists insist on nonsense like copyright and intellectual property. They do everything to defend their precious "IP". So why is it that we don't own information pertaining to ourselves?
Personal information should be toxic to them. There should be so much liability involved corporations should be scared to know even a single bit of information about us. They should be scrambling to forget all about us the second our business with them is done. Predictive models? They should be too scared to even have a credit card on file.
Apple has been slowly making progress of opening up their platform. The next 3 years will introduce a new landscape for apps. People will still be complaining.