Anyone have any recommendations on some good articles or books about federation and/or decentralized systems? Specifically, how do you design/architect and develop them?

Systems like Mastodon, bittorrent, ipfs, SAML, etc.

My web searches so far have turned up mostly surface level marketing type posts about why they are a good idea. Not much about building them, or how to think about building them.

I have some ideas I think might work well in a decentralized manner, and I'm trying build up my understanding of the concepts.

Thanks!