LOOPS was one of the early frameworks for AI programming (-> for Knowledge-based Systems -> especially Expert Systems) in Lisp, which also made use of the new graphical user interface of the Interlisp-D Lisp Machine from Xerox. Interlisp-D was a combination of operating system and development environment, and was developed for the same computers, which also ran Smalltalk. Both were image-based and managed the source code in the development environment.

Remarkable is the fully interactive way of working in the REPL (Lisp's Read Eval Print Loop) and through the GUI, including live editing all classes/etc. via menus. LOOPS extended Interlisp with various ways to do object-oriented programming and a rule-system.

There is also a "friendly primer" for Xerox LOOPS, from mid 1980s. https://bitsavers.org/pdf/xerox/interlisp-d/198510_Koto/3102...

Note that LOOPS is an early OOP System, it's not a about iteration in a loop.

Volume I of the Medley LOOPS series about the Lisp Object-Oriented Programming System, an Interlisp object extension. Volume II is coming in the late fall of 2024, Volume III in the fall of 2025.

What are the major differences to CLOS?

somebody asked what's the different between LOOPS and CLOS, but probably more time relevant question is what's the difference between LOOPS and Flavors. they list Flavors as an inspiration, but also various knowledge management systems, so there must be something additional going on there. maybe lispm knows.

OP is a very long book, I haven't had a chance to read it fully, but first thing I wanted to see is how they manage message sending, and it's as jank as it is in flavors. I thought considering how custom interlisp can be they'd do something special. nope, it's just send.

for those who don't know what I'm talking about, an old school smalltalk style object system lets one send arbitrary messages, without prior knowledge of what those messages might be, and treats the receiving object as a blackbox (conceptually anyway). this approach doesn't map well to s-exp, because first symbol in an s-expression drives the logic. in flavors (and in LOOPS) the symbol used is "SEND", so in order to actually send a message you write something like

  (send some-window :set-edge 10 10 40 40)

as you can imagine a very heavily object oriented code becomes littered with sends. LOOPS seems to make it a little bit less painful by making ← an equivalent of send, so above can be written as

  (← SomeWindow SetEdge 10 10 40 40)

this is obviously only a margin improvement.

clos solved this problem by drifting away from smalltalk's blackbox concept and making everything generic function oriented,

  (set-edge some-window 10 10 40 40)

    (DEFMACRO SEND (OBJECT OPERATION &REST ARGUMENTS)
      "Send a message to OBJECT, with operation OPERATION and ARGUMENTS."
      `(FUNCALL ,OBJECT ,OPERATION . ,ARGUMENTS))

LOOPS (Lisp object-oriented programming systems) is written in Interlisp for the Interlisp-D environment, was a Xerox product and is from around 1981.

CLOS (Common Lisp Object System) is a general OOP standard extension for Common Lisp. A specification was proposed in 1987/88. CLOS was included in the Common Lisp standard and widely implemented by various implementations.

Both were a "system" -> meaning that it is available and programmable also at runtime.

LOOPS is an actual piece of software with a GUI, which integrates into the Interlisp-D development environment.

LOOPS was based on message sending, classes, methods, interactive changes to the object system.

CLOS does not use message sending, but calling generic functions with multi-methods and multiple dispatch.

LOOPS supports Access-oriented Programming with Active Values. Demons can act based on access to objects. CLOS has no direct support for that. Maybe partial (-> :before & :around &:after methods in CLOS).

LOOPS includes a rule-system. CLOS systems have that as extensions. It's not a part of CLOS itself.

LOOPS includes graphical & menu tools to browse and edit objects. CLOS systems have some of that as extensions, depending on the implementation.

LOOPS was a programming system for knowledge-based systems, like Expert Systems. CLOS was not designed for that, but such programming systems were also developed for Common Lisp, some using CLOS. Example: KnowledgeWorks from LispWorks.

LOOPS was later rewritten as CommonLOOPS for Common Lisp. The software "Portable Common LOOPS" (PCL) then was further developed into a portable (and widely ported) and complete prototype implementation of CLOS + MOP.

The answer is mostly about CLOS and not about LOOPS.

Update: my remark was about an earlier posted content, which had an "AI" generated answer. That text has been removed.

And what are the major differences between LOOPS and CommonLOOPS (besides Interlisp vs CL)?