“According to court records, Chen worked with others in China to try and acquire these sensitive communications systems from foreign arms dealers on the black market. They discussed various methods to export them to China. Initially, Chen and his co-conspirators sought to transship the goods through Switzerland; then they spoke about picking them up in Saipan; finally, they decided to smuggle through Mexico.

After making an initial down payment of over $40,000 U.S. dollars, Chen and his co-conspirators switched to cryptocurrency, noting that “cold wallets are essentially anonymous bank accounts. Each transaction processed through them is private and untraceable.” They went on to pay roughly $30,000 worth of USDT, which is a type of cryptocurrency. These down payments related to the purchase of 10 modems.

To avoid detection, Chen and his co-conspirators communicated using an encrypted app. Using the encrypted app, Chen claimed this was merely an initial deal, and he had funding to buy tens of millions of dollars’ worth of additional military equipment.”