Why is a randomized controlled study needed for these scenarios in a clinical trial. If the patient is known to have a fatal disease in the study, why not give them the proposed treatment? The alternative is much worse.
Are you talking about the word “randomly” in the following text?
> …the BIOMEDE study, which began in 2014 and compared three drug candidates: erlotinib, everolimus, and dasatinib. … Lucas was randomly assigned to receive everolimus.