I'm writing a career management guide, and one of my chapters ("How to leave a job") is
exactly about how to leave a job on the best possible terms.
My advice: Don't "rage quit". Make a plan and quit on good terms. You don't have to stick around much longer if you can't stand it, but at least be sure to give two weeks' notice and try your best to leave on good terms. You never know when you might run into some of these co-workers again and you want them to think highly of you.
Here's the summary section from that chapter—maybe there are some things here that could help you make sure you don't burn any bridges :)
Leave on the best possible terms, even if you feel slighted — It’s always difficult to put on a happy face when things aren’t going well, but this is a time when you can really boost your reputation.
Ask your manager and co-workers what you can help with before you go — Do this and you will make a lasting impression on your co-workers.
Document the projects you’re working on so your successor is prepared — Your successor will have a much easier time absorbing your work, and they’ll thank you for it.
Bundle up relevant documentation, emails, etc., and make sure they’re saved somewhere that others can get to them — Most companies are moving to cloud-based storage, so it may all be out there anyway. Even so, put together a master document that points to everything they’ll need.
Make sure to return all your equipment in good shape, and do it quickly — Most of the time, you are just borrowing company property. You should return it in good shape, just like you would want your own property returned if you lent it out.
Reach out to your closest co-workers to make sure they’re part of your network before you go — Your network is one your most valuable assets for finding future career opportunities.
Reach out to your colleagues to say goodbye and share your contact information — If you’ve done all these things, you’ve left a great impression. Make sure your old co-workers know how to find you if they need someone like you in the future. And be sure to reach out to your closest co-workers to personally say goodbye whenever possible.
Be vague and use positive language in your exit interview — It feels strange to advocate for being vague, but the exit interview is one of the times when it’s necessary. You won’t benefit by baring your soul on your way out, and the company isn’t going to change because of your feedback. Keep it short, sweet, and surface-level.
That's a one-page summary of the chapter, but the chapter itself goes into quite a bit more detail.
You can get the full chapter for free here: http://JoshDoody.com/leave?ref=hn5